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The island of Timor, made its first apparition on
an European geographic paper in 1512 under the denomination of "Ilha
waves is born or sandal".
Probably, Timor was visited for before the time
from the Portugueses in 1514-15, seems that they used in this occasion
one giunca Chinese. In the following years the Portugueses, leaving from
their base of Malacca, carried out various shipments trade them in the
island of Timor. Such travels were made with the scope to acquire the
most valuable wood of sandal, that a lot appreciated in east and used
for the composition of the scents is a type of perfumed wood, of
ointments and the incense.
In spite of the great importance they of the sandal
trades, for the Asian markets us, and the continuous contacts trade them
with Timor, no stable takeover came founded in the islands of the sandal
from the Portugueses in the first half of 1500. The first takeover was
founded in 1561 in the island of Solor, from the Dominican missionaries,
which, in 1566, fortified it. Solor was used like base for the
evangelizzazione of the surrounding islands, where still today (Flores)
the catholic religion is predominant. In 1595, a new fortified takeover
was always constructed from the friars in the island of Ende Minor to
wide of the coast the south of Flores. With the arrival of the Dutch,
and their successive conquest of the fort of Solor (1613), the
Portugueses transferred their base to Larantuka (island of Flores). For
a short period from 1630 to 1636, Solor came rioccupata from the
Portugueses, but then it fell newly in Dutch hand.
In 1646, always thanks to the work of the friars,
the Portugueses founded a fortress to Cupao (Kupang), were this the
first Portuguese takeover in the island of Timor. Also the fort of
Kupang but was soon attacked and conquered (1653) from the Dutch. Little
years after the fall of Kupang, the Portugueses insediarono to Lifau
(1660/70), on the northern coast of Timor. In 1668 it came founded Dili,
puts into effect it understood them them of Timor Leste.
The evangelizzatrice action of the missionaries was
a lot important, in the first decades, for the consolidation of the
Portuguese presence in the island, in fact in 1702 Antonio Coelho
Guerreiro only comes name the first official governor of the island (),
and only then administrative organization of the colony came therefore
created one effective. For all XVIII the century, the Portuguese
presence limited to some takeovers long the coast: Lifau, Dili, Manatuto
and Batugadé; the inside of the island was only nominally under the
Portuguese control and often the life of the island came jolt from
rebellions.
11 August 1769, Lifau, the old one
understood them, was abandoned.
To the end of XIX the century the occupation was
only extended to all the territory of East Timor.
In XIX the century, it came developed the
cultivation of caffé that with passing of the years it supplanted the
sandal and divenne the main product of export of the island.
In 1859, an agreement with Holland, defined the
borders between the two powers that divided to the island and the
cession to Holland of the last Portuguese possedementi in the islands of
Flores (Larantuka, Sikka and Paga), Adonara (Wouré) and Solor
(Pamakajo).
Trained before from Macao, 1895, separately trained
Timor divenne.
In 1940, Dili comes erected diocese, to that age
only 8 % (29,889) of the population was catholic
During the second world war, Timor came invaded
from the Japanese troops, that they occupied the island in February
1942, such occupation cost to the Timoresi between the 40,000 and 60,000
victims.
In 1945, the Japanese will yield the island to the
Australians who rendered to the Portugueses the part orient them and to
the Dutch that western one.
In 1949, the western part of the island divenne
part of Indonesia.
In 1972, the catholic population of Timor was gone
up to 28 % (187,540 persons on a total of 674.550).
To leave from 1974, the Portugal allowed the
formation of is left in sight of a its disengagement from the colonies,
to Timor formed three is left main:
ASDT or FRETILIN: that it aimed at independence of
East Timor.
The UDT (Uniao Timorense Democratic): that an
association with the Portugal preferred, but then opted for
independence.
The APODETI: that it wanted the union with
Indonesia and was less radicato between the population.
Between the February and March 1975, they came
carried out the first elections, in which the FRETILIN it had 55 % of
the ballots, the UDT collected 40 % of the ballots in end and the
APODETI 5 %.
The Portugal remained to East Timor until 1975,
when in the night of 27 August the Portuguese governor with nearly all
the Portuguese residents in the island, they escaped from Dili and they
were sheltered then in the island of Atauro and from them in Australia
and finally in Portugal. In that night one of you leave the taken UDT
the power to it opposed the FRETILIN, than gradually it succeeded to
prevail and 28 November 1975 declared independence of the island from
the Portugal. 7 December 1975 indonesiane troops invaded East Timor and
occupied understood them the Dili, 10 December came occupied the second
city of the Baucau country and finally 25 December was occupied Liquisa
and Maubara; little months after (16 July 1976) Indonesia declared
unilaterally that East Timor was its 27° province.
Between 1975 and 1980 the guerrilla between the
Indonesiani soldiers and the inhabitants of Timor who demanded
independence of the island, was a lot upset, and a third party of the
population is estimated that is that during all the period of
Indonesiana occupation they are died approximately 200.000 Timoresi,
practically.
In 1994, the percentage of the catholic population
of East Timor has caught up 92 % (722,789 on 783.086 inhabitants), the
protestants is 3,7 % (28,486), the Muslems is one small minority
the 3,1% (24,124 inhabitants), then there are 4,794 induisti (0,6
%) and finally 2,312 Buddhists (0,3%).
The catholic church has carried out a role a lot
important in the formation of a cultural identity in the population of
East Timor, the Timoresi is in part culturally and linguisticamente
different from the Indonesiani, the language mainly speech is the Tetun
that carries out a role of frank language for the Timorese people. Until
1975, the official language of the state and the church was, obviously,
the Portuguese whom to tutt' today the language of the resistance
remains and that one used from the catholic church in the external
relations. The use of the Portuguese was frequent above all to Dili,
during the last years of Portuguese presence approximately 10-20 % of
the population of Timor could speak the Portuguese.
The number of the established Portugueses to Timor
was always much bottom, in 1950 on 442.378 inhabitants was 568
Europeans, 2,022 Mestiços and 3,128 Chinese; in 1970 there were European
1,463 and 1,939 Mestiços, on a total of approximately 650.000 persons.
In 1996, the prize was assigned to two Timoresi
Nobel for the peace: Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo (bishop of Dili) and
José Ramos-Horta.
The UN has not never recognized the annexation of
East Timor from part of Indonesia.
TIMOR LESTE VOTES FOR
INDEPENDENCE:
It turns out you of
the 30 referendum of organized August 1999 from the UN:
78.5% Independence
21.5% Autonomy
After some weeks of terror triggered from the
military services I spin-indonesiane, troops the UN disembark to Timor,
the Indonesiano parliament ratifies the result of the elections and
practically it comes given via free to the formation of the independent
state of Timor.
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